Vim
둘러보기로 이동
검색으로 이동
| 변태주의! | |
|
지나치게 비정상적(?)인 사용법 등을 나타내는 문서입니다. 기본적인 지식이 없을 경우 알아듣지 못할 가능성이 있습니다!!! |
About vi or vim[편집]
.png){kind=link}
검은 우주...
처음부터 끝까지 어렵다.
- Vim은 유닉스에서 사실상 표준과 같이 사용되는 편집기로 유닉스 진영에서 오랜 전통을 이어온 Vi 에디터의 확장된 형태이다. Vi와 Vim의 태생이 유닉스 기반의 환경에서 만들어졌기 때문에 터미널에서 사용하도록 디자인 되었다. 100% 텍스트 환경을 자랑하는 터미널에서 사용하기 때문에 일반적인 컴퓨터 사용자의 경우 그리 선호하지 않는다.(상대적으로 gedit나 nano 등의 편집기에 비해 사용법이 복잡한 것도 그 이유) 그러나 대부분의 리눅스에 탑재되어 있고(+Mac OS X와 BSD에도) 동일한 효과를 볼 수 있는 장점으로 인해 사용되는 경우가 매우매우 많다.
- 물론 GUI에서 사용할 목적으로 gVim이 개발되어 있다. 그러나 gedit나 다른 편리한 편집기가 있기 때문에 잘 사용되지는 않는다.
- 터미널에서 제공되는 텍스트 파일 편집기
혹은 에디터임에도 불구하고 유니코드를 지원하며, 다국어까지 확장되어 사용자에게 제공된다. 세계에서 이렇게 완벽한 프로그램은 전례를 찾기 힘들다.
- Vim은 'Vi improved'에 앞 글자를 조합해서 만든 이름이다. Vim의 조상인 Vi는 빌 조이가 만들어서 오랫동안 많은 개발자와 유닉스 사용자에게 사랑받은 에디터이다. 빌 조이는 유닉스를 만들기 위해서 C언어를 만들었던 켄 톰슨의 동료이자 제자이다. 빌 조이는 BSD 유닉스의 초기 개발자이며, 썬 마이크로시스템의 공동 창업자로 유명하다.
- 당시 켄 톰슨은 멀틱스에서 영향을 받아서 만들기 시작한 유닉스 운영체제에 파스칼이란 언어를 포팅하기 위해서 빌 조이와 함께 작업을 하던 중 형편없는 텍스트 에디터 때문에 포팅 작업이 지연되자 빌 조이가 Vi를 만들게 되었다.
- 당시 유닉스에서는 ed라는 텍스트 에디터를 사용했는데, 작업 중인 행 하나만 표시되는 라인 에디터였다
(라인에디터로 코딩을 했다고 한다). 초창기 유닉스 네트워크 전송 속도가 매우 느렸기 때문에 한 번에 한 라인 밖에 보여줄 수 없었기 때문이다. 이후 하드웨어가 급속도로 발전해서(정확히는 네트워크 장치가 미친듯이 발전해서)라인 에디터가 아닌 스크린 에디터를 사용할 수 있는 환경이 되었다. 그래서 화면 전체를 사용할 수 있다고 해서 'Visual'이란 단어가 붙은 Vi에디터가 탄생하게 되었다.
- 시대가 급속도로 변경되는 시점에서 Vi도 큰 변화를 맞이하게 된다. 컴퓨터가 좋아진 것이다(엄청나게!). 그래서 기존의 Vi에 기능을 덧붙이는(혹은 Emacs라는 에디터를 동경하는 누군가의) 작업이 진행되었고 그 결과물로 탄생한 것이 Vim 되겠다.
- Vim의 대표적인 특징은 문법 검사 기능 및 색상 강조 기능, 향상된 자동 완성 기능 제공, 유니코드와 국제화 규격(i18n) 지원, 여러 파일 동시 편집 가능(탭 페이지), 정규식 기능 및 grep기능 내장, 제한적인 네트워크 기능 제공undo 기능 대폭 강화등을 꼽을 수 있다.
- Vim을 설치하는 방법은 아래와 같다.
- 우분투 : sudo apt-get install vim
- 센토스 : sudo yum install vim-enhanced
- 윈도우 : http://www.vim.org에서 exe파일 다운로드 후 더블 클릭
- 맥OSX : 설치되어 있음
Vi vs Emacs[편집]
- Emacs는 프로그래밍에 최적화된 에디터로 유명하다. 디버거 혹은 다른 외부 프로그램과 연동, 플러그인
(무려...심리 상담하는 확장 기능이 내장되어 있다.)의 확장 등 외부 확장 기능이 매우 강력하다. Emacs는 GPL이란(바이러스 같은)라이센스를 선보인 '리처드 스톨만'에 의해서 탄생하였다. 리처드 스톨만이 세계에 둘 두 없을 해커라서 Emacs는 해커기질이 다분한 에디터라 할 수 있다. 심지어 현존하는 IDE에 많은 영향을 미쳤으며, 대표적으로 자바 개발자들에게 없어서는 안될(그럼에도 불구하고 우린 인텔리J도 아닌 Vi를 쓴다.)이클립스의 단축키가 Emacs와 유사한 것만 봐도 얼마나 많은 영향을 끼쳤는지 알 수 있다.
- 누군가 이 섹션을 편집할 것이란걸 알고 있으니...
Vim 기초 - 모드(Mode)[편집]
Vim을 실행해보면 누구나 알겠지만 도대체 뭔가 할 수 있는 일이 없다. 일단 에디터라는게 입력도 아니되고, 그렇다고 뭔가 우리가 흔히 알고있는 '메뉴' 같은것도 보이지 않는다. 그러한 이유를 앞에서 찾아보면 개발자 덕분이기도 하려니와 Vi가 사용되는 곳이 '터미널'이라는 특수한 공간이라 '메뉴바' 따위를 제공할 수 있는 여력이 없다(Emacs는?). 따라서 입력을 할 수 있는 방법과 에디터를 다양한 방법으로 효과적으로(이라 쓰고 변태적이라 읽는다.) 사용할 수 있는 방법을 만들어냈다. 그것이 바로 'Mode'라 불리는 것이다. 정적인 화면에 특정키를 통해서 역할을 부여하는 것이라고 정의하면 된다.
Vim은 입력, 명령, 일반 총 3개의 모드를 제공하는데, 각각의 특징은 다음과 같다.
- 일반모드 : 다른 기능을 호출하는 기본적인 환경을 제공한다. 예를 들어서 'i'를 누르면 입력모드로 전환되고, 'esc'키를 누르면 다시 일반모드로 돌아온다. 즉 기본적으로 Vim이 실행되면 일반 모드로 작동한다.
- 입력모드
- 일반모드에서 'a, i, o' 혹은 대문자 'A,I,O,R' 키를 이용하면 입력모드로 변경된다. 'ESC'키를 누르면 일반모드로 돌아간다.
- a는 append의 약자로 현재 커서 위치에서 한 칸 뒤로 이동한 후 입력 모드로 변경된다. 대문자 'A'는 행의 맨 끝으로 이동하고 입력 모드로 변경된다.
- i는 insert의 약자로 현재 커서 위치에서 입력 모드로 변경된다. 대문자 'I'는 행의 맨 앞으로 이동한 후 입력 모드로 변경된다.
- o는 open line의 약자로 현재 행 아래 새로운 행을 하나 만든 후 입력 모드로 전환한다. 대문자 'O'는 현재 행 위에 새로운 행을 하나 만든 후 입력 모드로 전환한다.
- R은 replace의 약자로 모든 글자를 덮어쓴다.
- 일반모드에서 'a, i, o' 혹은 대문자 'A,I,O,R' 키를 이용하면 입력모드로 변경된다. 'ESC'키를 누르면 일반모드로 돌아간다.
- 명령모드 : 일반모드에서 명령행모드로 전환하기 위해서는 ':(콜론)'키를 누르면 된다. 명령행 모드는 조금 복잡한 명령어를 사용하기 위한 모드이며 'ESC'키를 누르면 일반모드로 돌아간다.
Vim 기초 - 커서이동[편집]
| 참고 | |
| Vim에서 굳이 h j k l 키를 익힐 필요...가 없을지는 모르겠지만, 레거시 시스템에서는 화살표 키가 안먹으니(심지어는 키 한번 잘못 눌렀다가 커서와 파일 내용이 꼬이는 일도 생긴다) 만일을 대비해서라도 h j k l을 익혀두는게 좋다. |
Vi는 애초에 마우스(따위)를 고려하지 않았다. 따라서 모든 이동을 키보드로 한다. 당연한 소리겠지만, 키보드에 부착된 '화살키'를 사용하지 않는다. 왜냐하면 유닉스가 개발되던 시절에는 숫자키나 텐 키 부분이 없는 형태가 많았기 때문이다. 오른손 이동을 최소화하고(왜 그런지는 묻지 말자...) 나중에 자동화 매크로 기능을 최대한 활용하기 위해서 영문자를 이용한 커서 이동방법을 배워보도록 하자. 무엇보다도 '화살표'를 사용하는 방법은 그리 멋지지 않다.
- h : 오른쪽
- j : 아래
- k : 위
- l : 왼쪽
- {n}[h|j|k|l] : [오른쪽|아래|위|왼쪽]으로 n번 이동한다.
- ^ : 행의 맨 앞
- $ : 행의 맨 끝
- Ctrl + B : 위로 한 화면 스크롤
- Ctrl + F : 아래로 한 화면 스크롤
- Ctrl + U : 위로 1/2 화면 스크롤
- Ctrl + D : 아래로 1/2 화면 스크롤
- {n}gg : n번째 행으로 이동한다. {n}생략시 첫번째 행으로 이동한다.
- {n}G : n번째 행으로 이동한다. {n} 생략시 마지막 행으로 이동한다.
- :{#} : n번째 행으로 이동한다.
나중을 위해서라도 '커서 이동'은 꼭 숙지해 두도록 하자. h,j,k,l로 '아랑전설2'의 김갑환 '초필살기'를 활용할 수준이면 다음으로 넘어가보자.
Vim setting[편집]
~/.vimrc파일에 기본 설정을 넣으면된다. 귀찮으면... 사람들이 정의해놓은걸로 쓰자.- Github.com에 올라온 vimrc 파일들.
- 이부분 작성인은 개인적으로 amix/vimrc을 이용해서 기본 구성을 해놓고 추가 플러그인은 junegunn/vim-plug를 이용해서 설치하여 사용한다.
- IDE급을 원한다면...
- kepbod/ivim - 플러그인부터 시작해서 이것저것 많이 설치됨.
Vim TIP[편집]
- 다음은 vim의 팁이다. 원본은 http://zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html 에서 볼 수 있다.
| 경고 | |
| 스압. |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" new items marked [N] , corrected items marked [C]
" *best-searching*
/joe/e : cursor set to End of match
3/joe/e+1 : find 3rd joe cursor set to End of match plus 1 [C]
/joe/s-2 : cursor set to Start of match minus 2
/joe/+3 : find joe move cursor 3 lines down
/^joe.*fred.*bill/ : find joe AND fred AND Bill (Joe at start of line)
/^[A-J]/ : search for lines beginning with one or more A-J
/begin\_.*end : search over possible multiple lines
/fred\_s*joe/ : any whitespace including newline [C]
/fred\|joe : Search for FRED OR JOE
/.*fred\&.*joe : Search for FRED AND JOE in any ORDER!
/\<fred\>/ : search for fred but not alfred or frederick [C]
/\<\d\d\d\d\> : Search for exactly 4 digit numbers
/\D\d\d\d\d\D : Search for exactly 4 digit numbers
/\<\d\{4}\> : same thing
/\([^0-9]\|^\)%.*% : Search for absence of a digit or beginning of line
" finding empty lines
/^\n\{3} : find 3 empty lines
/^str.*\nstr : find 2 successive lines starting with str
/\(^str.*\n\)\{2} : find 2 successive lines starting with str
" using rexexp memory in a search find fred.*joe.*joe.*fred *C*
/\(fred\).*\(joe\).*\2.*\1
" Repeating the Regexp (rather than what the Regexp finds)
/^\([^,]*,\)\{8}
" visual searching
:vmap // y/<C-R>"<CR> : search for visually highlighted text
:vmap <silent> // y/<C-R>=escape(@", '\\/.*$^~[]')<CR><CR> : with spec chars
" \zs and \ze regex delimiters :h /\zs
/<\zs[^>]*\ze> : search for tag contents, ignoring chevrons
" zero-width :h /\@=
/<\@<=[^>]*>\@= : search for tag contents, ignoring chevrons
/<\@<=\_[^>]*>\@= : search for tags across possible multiple lines
" searching over multiple lines \_ means including newline
/<!--\_p\{-}--> : search for multiple line comments
/fred\_s*joe/ : any whitespace including newline *C*
/bugs\(\_.\)*bunny : bugs followed by bunny anywhere in file
:h \_ : help
" search for declaration of subroutine/function under cursor
:nmap gx yiw/^\(sub\<bar>function\)\s\+<C-R>"<CR>
" multiple file search
:bufdo /searchstr/ : use :rewind to recommence search
" multiple file search better but cheating
:bufdo %s/searchstr/&/gic : say n and then a to stop
" How to search for a URL without backslashing
?http://www.vim.org/ : (first) search BACKWARDS!!! clever huh!
" Specify what you are NOT searching for (vowels)
/\c\v([^aeiou]&\a){4} : search for 4 consecutive consonants
/\%>20l\%<30lgoat : Search for goat between lines 20 and 30 [N]
/^.\{-}home.\{-}\zshome/e : match only the 2nd occurence in a line of "home" [N]
:%s/home.\{-}\zshome/alone : Substitute only the occurrence of home in any line [N]
" find str but not on lines containing tongue
^\(.*tongue.*\)\@!.*nose.*$
\v^((tongue)@!.)*nose((tongue)@!.)*$
.*nose.*\&^\%(\%(tongue\)\@!.\)*$
:v/tongue/s/nose/&/gic
'a,'bs/extrascost//gc : trick: restrict search to between markers (answer n) [N]
"----------------------------------------
" *best-substitution*
:%s/fred/joe/igc : general substitute command
:%s//joe/igc : Substitute what you last searched for [N]
:%s/~/sue/igc : Substitute your last replacement string [N]
:%s/\r//g : Delete DOS returns ^M
" Is your Text File jumbled onto one line? use following
:%s/\r/\r/g : Turn DOS returns ^M into real returns
:%s= *$== : delete end of line blanks
:%s= \+$== : Same thing
:%s#\s*\r\?$## : Clean both trailing spaces AND DOS returns
:%s#\s*\r*$## : same thing
" deleting empty lines
:%s/^\n\{3}// : delete blocks of 3 empty lines
:%s/^\n\+/\r/ : compressing empty lines
:%s#<[^>]\+>##g : delete html tags, leave text (non-greedy)
:%s#<\_.\{-1,}>##g : delete html tags possibly multi-line (non-greedy)
:%s#.*\(\d\+hours\).*#\1# : Delete all but memorised string (\1) [N]
" parse xml/soap
%s#><\([^/]\)#>\r<\1#g : split jumbled up XML file into one tag per line [N]
%s/</\r&/g : simple split of html/xml/soap [N]
:%s#<[^/]#\r&#gic : simple split of html/xml/soap but not closing tag [N]
:%s#<[^/]#\r&#gi : parse on open xml tag [N]
:%s#\[\d\+\]#\r&#g : parse on numbered array elements [1] [N]
" VIM Power Substitute
:'a,'bg/fred/s/dick/joe/igc : VERY USEFUL
" duplicating columns
:%s= [^ ]\+$=&&= : duplicate end column
:%s= \f\+$=&&= : Dupicate filename
:%s= \S\+$=&& : usually the same
" memory
:%s#example#& = &#gic : duplicate entire matched string [N]
:%s#.*\(tbl_\w\+\).*#\1# : extract list of all strings tbl_* from text [NC]
:s/\(.*\):\(.*\)/\2 : \1/ : reverse fields separated by :
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/ : delete duplicate lines
:%s/^\(.*\)\(\n\1\)\+$/\1/ : delete multiple duplicate lines [N]
" non-greedy matching \{-}
:%s/^.\{-}pdf/new.pdf/ : delete to 1st occurence of pdf only (non-greedy)
%s#^.\{-}\([0-9]\{3,4\}serial\)#\1#gic : delete up to 123serial or 1234serial [N]
" use of optional atom \?
:%s#\<[zy]\?tbl_[a-z_]\+\>#\L&#gc : lowercase with optional leading characters
" over possibly many lines
:%s/<!--\_.\{-}-->// : delete possibly multi-line comments
:help /\{-} : help non-greedy
" substitute using a register
:s/fred/<c-r>a/g : sub "fred" with contents of register "a"
:s/fred/<c-r>asome_text<c-r>s/g
:s/fred/\=@a/g : better alternative as register not displayed (not *) [C]
" multiple commands on one line
:%s/\f\+\.gif\>/\r&\r/g | v/\.gif$/d | %s/gif/jpg/
:%s/a/but/gie|:update|:next : then use @: to repeat
" ORing
:%s/goat\|cow/sheep/gc : ORing (must break pipe)
:'a,'bs#\[\|\]##g : remove [] from lines between markers a and b [N]
:%s/\v(.*\n){5}/&\r : insert a blank line every 5 lines [N]
" Calling a VIM function
:s/__date__/\=strftime("%c")/ : insert datestring
:inoremap \zd <C-R>=strftime("%d%b%y")<CR> : insert date eg 31Jan11 [N]
" Working with Columns sub any str1 in col3
:%s:\(\(\w\+\s\+\)\{2}\)str1:\1str2:
" Swapping first & last column (4 columns)
:%s:\(\w\+\)\(.*\s\+\)\(\w\+\)$:\3\2\1:
" format a mysql query
:%s#\<from\>\|\<where\>\|\<left join\>\|\<\inner join\>#\r&#g
" filter all form elements into paste register
:redir @*|sil exec 'g#<\(input\|select\|textarea\|/\=form\)\>#p'|redir END
:nmap ,z :redir @*<Bar>sil exec 'g@<\(input\<Bar>select\<Bar>textarea\<Bar>/\=form\)\>@p'<Bar>redir END<CR>
" substitute string in column 30 [N]
:%s/^\(.\{30\}\)xx/\1yy/
" decrement numbers by 3
:%s/\d\+/\=(submatch(0)-3)/
" increment numbers by 6 on certain lines only
:g/loc\|function/s/\d/\=submatch(0)+6/
" better
:%s#txtdev\zs\d#\=submatch(0)+1#g
:h /\zs
" increment only numbers gg\d\d by 6 (another way)
:%s/\(gg\)\@<=\d\+/\=submatch(0)+6/
:h zero-width
" rename a string with an incrementing number
:let i=10 | 'a,'bg/Abc/s/yy/\=i/ |let i=i+1 # convert yy to 10,11,12 etc
" as above but more precise
:let i=10 | 'a,'bg/Abc/s/xx\zsyy\ze/\=i/ |let i=i+1 # convert xxyy to xx11,xx12,xx13
" find replacement text, put in memory, then use \zs to simplify substitute
:%s/"\([^.]\+\).*\zsxx/\1/
" Pull word under cursor into LHS of a substitute
:nmap <leader>z :%s#\<<c-r>=expand("<cword>")<cr>\>#
" Pull Visually Highlighted text into LHS of a substitute
:vmap <leader>z :<C-U>%s/\<<c-r>*\>/
" substitute singular or plural
:'a,'bs/bucket\(s\)*/bowl\1/gic [N]
----------------------------------------
" all following performing similar task, substitute within substitution
" Multiple single character substitution in a portion of line only
:%s,\(all/.*\)\@<=/,_,g : replace all / with _ AFTER "all/"
" Same thing
:s#all/\zs.*#\=substitute(submatch(0), '/', '_', 'g')#
" Substitute by splitting line, then re-joining
:s#all/#&^M#|s#/#_#g|-j!
" Substitute inside substitute
:%s/.*/\='cp '.submatch(0).' all/'.substitute(submatch(0),'/','_','g')/
----------------------------------------
" *best-global* command
:g/gladiolli/# : display with line numbers (YOU WANT THIS!)
:g/fred.*joe.*dick/ : display all lines fred,joe & dick
:g/\<fred\>/ : display all lines fred but not freddy
:g/^\s*$/d : delete all blank lines
:g!/^dd/d : delete lines not containing string
:v/^dd/d : delete lines not containing string
:g/joe/,/fred/d : not line based (very powerfull)
:g/fred/,/joe/j : Join Lines [N]
:g/-------/.-10,.d : Delete string & 10 previous lines
:g/{/ ,/}/- s/\n\+/\r/g : Delete empty lines but only between {...}
:v/\S/d : Delete empty lines (and blank lines ie whitespace)
:v/./,/./-j : compress empty lines
:g/^$/,/./-j : compress empty lines
:g/<input\|<form/p : ORing
:g/^/put_ : double space file (pu = put)
:g/^/m0 : Reverse file (m = move)
:g/^/m$ : No effect! [N]
:'a,'bg/^/m'b : Reverse a section a to b
:g/^/t. : duplicate every line
:g/fred/t$ : copy (transfer) lines matching fred to EOF
:g/stage/t'a : copy (transfer) lines matching stage to marker a (cannot use .) [C]
:g/^Chapter/t.|s/./-/g : Automatically underline selecting headings [N]
:g/\(^I[^^I]*\)\{80}/d : delete all lines containing at least 80 tabs
" perform a substitute on every other line
:g/^/ if line('.')%2|s/^/zz /
" match all lines containing "somestr" between markers a & b
" copy after line containing "otherstr"
:'a,'bg/somestr/co/otherstr/ : co(py) or mo(ve)
" as above but also do a substitution
:'a,'bg/str1/s/str1/&&&/|mo/str2/
:%norm jdd : delete every other line
" incrementing numbers (type <c-a> as 5 characters)
:.,$g/^\d/exe "norm! \<c-a>": increment numbers
:'a,'bg/\d\+/norm! ^A : increment numbers
" storing glob results (note must use APPEND) you need to empty reg a first with qaq.
"save results to a register/paste buffer
:g/fred/y A : append all lines fred to register a
:g/fred/y A | :let @*=@a : put into paste buffer
:let @a=''|g/Barratt/y A |:let @*=@a
" filter lines to a file (file must already exist)
:'a,'bg/^Error/ . w >> errors.txt
" duplicate every line in a file wrap a print '' around each duplicate
:g/./yank|put|-1s/'/"/g|s/.*/Print '&'/
" replace string with contents of a file, -d deletes the "mark"
:g/^MARK$/r tmp.txt | -d
" display prettily
:g/<pattern>/z#.5 : display with context
:g/<pattern>/z#.5|echo "==========" : display beautifully
" Combining g// with normal mode commands
:g/|/norm 2f|r* : replace 2nd | with a star
"send output of previous global command to a new window
:nmap <F3> :redir @a<CR>:g//<CR>:redir END<CR>:new<CR>:put! a<CR><CR>
"----------------------------------------
" *Best-Global-combined-with-substitute* (*power-editing*)
:'a,'bg/fred/s/joe/susan/gic : can use memory to extend matching
:/fred/,/joe/s/fred/joe/gic : non-line based (ultra)
:/biz/,/any/g/article/s/wheel/bucket/gic: non-line based [N]
----------------------------------------
" Find fred before beginning search for joe
:/fred/;/joe/-2,/sid/+3s/sally/alley/gIC
"----------------------------------------
" create a new file for each line of file eg 1.txt,2.txt,3,txt etc
:g/^/exe ".w ".line(".").".txt"
"----------------------------------------
" chain an external command
:.g/^/ exe ".!sed 's/N/X/'" | s/I/Q/ [N]
"----------------------------------------
" Operate until string found [N]
d/fred/ :delete until fred
y/fred/ :yank until fred
c/fred/e :change until fred end
v12| : visualise/change/delete to column 12 [N]
"----------------------------------------
" Summary of editing repeats [N]
. last edit (magic dot)
:& last substitute
:%& last substitute every line
:%&gic last substitute every line confirm
g% normal mode repeat last substitute
g& last substitute on all lines
@@ last recording
@: last command-mode command
:!! last :! command
:~ last substitute
:help repeating
----------------------------------------
" Summary of repeated searches
; last f, t, F or T
, last f, t, F or T in opposite direction
n last / or ? search
N last / or ? search in opposite direction
----------------------------------------
" *Absolutely-essential*
----------------------------------------
* # g* g# : find word under cursor (<cword>) (forwards/backwards)
% : match brackets {}[]()
. : repeat last modification
@: : repeat last : command (then @@)
matchit.vim : % now matches tags <tr><td><script> <?php etc
<C-N><C-P> : word completion in insert mode
<C-X><C-L> : Line complete SUPER USEFUL
/<C-R><C-W> : Pull <cword> onto search/command line
/<C-R><C-A> : Pull <CWORD> onto search/command line
:set ignorecase : you nearly always want this
:set smartcase : overrides ignorecase if uppercase used in search string (cool)
:syntax on : colour syntax in Perl,HTML,PHP etc
:set syntax=perl : force syntax (usually taken from file extension)
:h regexp<C-D> : type control-D and get a list all help topics containing
regexp (plus use TAB to Step thru list)
----------------------------------------
" MAKE IT EASY TO UPDATE/RELOAD _vimrc
:nmap ,s :source $VIM/_vimrc
:nmap ,v :e $VIM/_vimrc
:e $MYVIMRC : edits your _vimrc whereever it might be [N]
" How to have a variant in your .vimrc for different PCs [N]
if $COMPUTERNAME == "NEWPC"
ab mypc vista
else
ab mypc dell25
endif
----------------------------------------
" splitting windows
:vsplit other.php # vertically split current file with other.php [N]
----------------------------------------
"VISUAL MODE (easy to add other HTML Tags)
:vmap sb "zdi<b><C-R>z</b><ESC> : wrap <b></b> around VISUALLY selected Text
:vmap st "zdi<?= <C-R>z ?><ESC> : wrap <?= ?> around VISUALLY selected Text
----------------------------------------
"vim 7 tabs
vim -p fred.php joe.php : open files in tabs
:tabe fred.php : open fred.php in a new tab
:tab ball : tab open files
:close : close a tab but leave the buffer *N*
" vim 7 forcing use of tabs from .vimrc
:nnoremap gf <C-W>gf
:cab e tabe
:tab sball : retab all files in buffer (repair) [N]
----------------------------------------
" Exploring
:e . : file explorer
:Exp(lore) : file explorer note capital Ex
:Sex(plore) : file explorer in split window
:browse e : windows style browser
:ls : list of buffers
:cd .. : move to parent directory
:args : list of files
:pwd : Print Working Directory (current directory) [N]
:args *.php : open list of files (you need this!)
:lcd %:p:h : change to directory of current file
:autocmd BufEnter * lcd %:p:h : change to directory of current file automatically (put in _vimrc)
----------------------------------------
" Changing Case
guu : lowercase line
gUU : uppercase line
Vu : lowercase line
VU : uppercase line
g~~ : flip case line
vEU : Upper Case Word
vE~ : Flip Case Word
ggguG : lowercase entire file
" Titlise Visually Selected Text (map for .vimrc)
vmap ,c :s/\<\(.\)\(\k*\)\>/\u\1\L\2/g<CR>
" Title Case A Line Or Selection (better)
vnoremap <F6> :s/\%V\<\(\w\)\(\w*\)\>/\u\1\L\2/ge<cr> [N]
" titlise a line
nmap ,t :s/.*/\L&/<bar>:s/\<./\u&/g<cr> [N]
" Uppercase first letter of sentences
:%s/[.!?]\_s\+\a/\U&\E/g
----------------------------------------
gf : open file name under cursor (SUPER)
:nnoremap gF :view <cfile><cr> : open file under cursor, create if necessary
ga : display hex,ascii value of char under cursor
ggVGg? : rot13 whole file
ggg?G : rot13 whole file (quicker for large file)
:8 | normal VGg? : rot13 from line 8
:normal 10GVGg? : rot13 from line 8
<C-A>,<C-X> : increment,decrement number under cursor
win32 users must remap CNTRL-A
<C-R>=5*5 : insert 25 into text (mini-calculator)
----------------------------------------
" Make all other tips superfluous
:h 42 : also http://www.google.com/search?q=42
:h holy-grail
:h!
----------------------------------------
" disguise text (watch out) [N]
ggVGg? : rot13 whole file (toggles)
:set rl! : reverse lines right to left (toggles)
:g/^/m0 : reverse lines top to bottom (toggles)
:%s/\(\<.\{-}\>\)/\=join(reverse(split(submatch(1), '.\zs')), '')/g : reverse all text *N*
----------------------------------------
" History, Markers & moving about (what Vim Remembers) [C]
'. : jump to last modification line (SUPER)
`. : jump to exact spot in last modification line
g; : cycle thru recent changes (oldest first)
g, : reverse direction
:changes
:h changelist : help for above
<C-O> : retrace your movements in file (starting from most recent)
<C-I> : retrace your movements in file (reverse direction)
:ju(mps) : list of your movements
:help jump-motions
:history : list of all your commands
:his c : commandline history
:his s : search history
q/ : Search history Window (puts you in full edit mode) (exit CTRL-C)
q: : commandline history Window (puts you in full edit mode) (exit CTRL-C)
:<C-F> : history Window (exit CTRL-C)
----------------------------------------
" Abbreviations & Maps
" Maps are commands put onto keys, abbreviations expand typed text [N]
" Following 4 maps enable text transfer between VIM sessions
:map <f7> :'a,'bw! c:/aaa/x : save text to file x
:map <f8> :r c:/aaa/x : retrieve text
:map <f11> :.w! c:/aaa/xr<CR> : store current line
:map <f12> :r c:/aaa/xr<CR> : retrieve current line
:ab php : list of abbreviations beginning php
:map , : list of maps beginning ,
" allow use of F10 for mapping (win32)
set wak=no : :h winaltkeys
" For use in Maps
<CR> : carriage Return for maps
<ESC> : Escape
<LEADER> : normally \
<BAR> : | pipe
<BACKSPACE> : backspace
<SILENT> : No hanging shell window
"display RGB colour under the cursor eg #445588
:nmap <leader>c :hi Normal guibg=#<c-r>=expand("<cword>")<cr><cr>
map <f2> /price only\\|versus/ :in a map need to backslash the \
" type table,,, to get <table></table> ### Cool ###
imap ,,, <esc>bdwa<<esc>pa><cr></<esc>pa><esc>kA
" list current mappings of all your function keys
:for i in range(1, 12) | execute("map <F".i.">") | endfor [N]
" for your .vimrc
:cab ,f :for i in range(1, 12) \| execute("map <F".i.">") \| endfor
"chain commands in abbreviation
cabbrev vrep tabe class.inc \| tabe report.php ## chain commands [N]
----------------------------------------
" Simple PHP debugging display all variables yanked into register a
iab phpdb exit("<hr>Debug <C-R>a ");
----------------------------------------
" Using a register as a map (preload registers in .vimrc)
:let @m=":'a,'bs/"
:let @s=":%!sort -u"
----------------------------------------
" Useful tricks
"ayy@a : execute "Vim command" in a text file
yy@" : same thing using unnamed register
u@. : execute command JUST typed in
"ddw : store what you delete in register d [N]
"ccaw : store what you change in register c [N]
----------------------------------------
" Get output from other commands (requires external programs)
:r!ls -R : reads in output of ls
:put=glob('**') : same as above [N]
:r !grep "^ebay" file.txt : grepping in content [N]
:20,25 !rot13 : rot13 lines 20 to 25 [N]
!!date : same thing (but replaces/filters current line)
" Sorting with external sort
:%!sort -u : use an external program to filter content
:'a,'b!sort -u : use an external program to filter content
!1} sort -u : sorts paragraph (note normal mode!!)
:g/^$/;/^$/-1!sort : Sort each block (note the crucial ;)
" Sorting with internal sort
:sort /.*\%2v/ : sort all lines on second column [N]
" number lines (linux or cygwin only)
:new | r!nl # [N]
----------------------------------------
" Multiple Files Management (Essential)
:bn : goto next buffer
:bp : goto previous buffer
:wn : save file and move to next (super)
:wp : save file and move to previous
:bd : remove file from buffer list (super)
:bun : Buffer unload (remove window but not from list)
:badd file.c : file from buffer list
:b3 : go to buffer 3 [C]
:b main : go to buffer with main in name eg main.c (ultra)
:sav php.html : Save current file as php.html and "move" to php.html
:sav! %<.bak : Save Current file to alternative extension (old way)
:sav! %:r.cfm : Save Current file to alternative extension
:sav %:s/fred/joe/ : do a substitute on file name
:sav %:s/fred/joe/:r.bak2 : do a substitute on file name & ext.
:!mv % %:r.bak : rename current file (DOS use Rename or DEL)
:help filename-modifiers
:e! : return to unmodified file
:w c:/aaa/% : save file elsewhere
:e # : edit alternative file (also cntrl-^)
:rew : return to beginning of edited files list (:args)
:brew : buffer rewind
:sp fred.txt : open fred.txt into a split
:sball,:sb : Split all buffers (super)
:scrollbind : in each split window
:map <F5> :ls<CR>:e # : Pressing F5 lists all buffer, just type number
:set hidden : Allows to change buffer w/o saving current buffer
----------------------------------------
" Quick jumping between splits
map <C-J> <C-W>j<C-W>_
map <C-K> <C-W>k<C-W>_
----------------------------------------
" Recording (BEST Feature of ALL)
qq # record to q
your complex series of commands
q # end recording
@q to execute
@@ to Repeat
5@@ to Repeat 5 times
qQ@qq : Make an existing recording q recursive [N]
" editing a register/recording
"qp :display contents of register q (normal mode)
<ctrl-R>q :display contents of register q (insert mode)
" you can now see recording contents, edit as required
"qdd :put changed contacts back into q
@q :execute recording/register q
" Operating a Recording on a Visual BLOCK (blockwise)
1) define recording/register
qq:s/ to/ from/g^Mq
2) Define Visual BLOCK
V}
3) hit : and the following appears
:'<,'>
4)Complete as follows
:'<,'>norm @q
----------------------------------------
"combining a recording with a map (to end up in command mode)
"here we operate on a file with a recording, then move to the next file [N]
:nnoremap ] @q:update<bar>bd
----------------------------------------
" Visual is the newest and usually the most intuitive editing mode
" Visual basics
v : enter visual mode
V : visual mode whole line
<C-V> : enter VISUAL BLOCKWISE mode (remap on Windows to say C-Q *C*
gv : reselect last visual area (ultra)
o : navigate visual area
"*y or "+y : yank visual area into paste buffer [C]
V% : visualise what you match
V}J : Join Visual block (great)
V}gJ : Join Visual block w/o adding spaces
`[v`] : Highlight last insert
:%s/\%Vold/new/g : Do a substitute on last visual area [N]
----------------------------------------
" Delete 8th and 9th characters of 10 successive lines [C]
08l<c-v>10j2ld (use Control Q on win32) [C]
----------------------------------------
" how to copy a set of columns using VISUAL BLOCK
" visual block (AKA columnwise selection) (NOT BY ordinary v command)
<C-V> then select "column(s)" with motion commands (win32 <C-Q>)
then c,d,y,r etc
----------------------------------------
" how to overwrite a visual-block of text with another such block [C]
" move with hjkl etc
Pick the first block: ctrl-v move y
Pick the second block: ctrl-v move P <esc>
----------------------------------------
" text objects :h text-objects [C]
daW : delete contiguous non whitespace
di< yi< ci< : Delete/Yank/Change HTML tag contents
da< ya< ca< : Delete/Yank/Change whole HTML tag
dat dit : Delete HTML tag pair
diB daB : Empty a function {}
das : delete a sentence
----------------------------------------
" _vimrc essentials
:imap <TAB> <C-N> : set tab to complete [N]
:set incsearch : jumps to search word as you type (annoying but excellent)
:set wildignore=*.o,*.obj,*.bak,*.exe : tab complete now ignores these
:set shiftwidth=3 : for shift/tabbing
:set vb t_vb=". : set silent (no beep)
:set browsedir=buffer : Maki GUI File Open use current directory
----------------------------------------
" launching Win IE
:nmap ,f :update<CR>:silent !start c:\progra~1\intern~1\iexplore.exe file://%:p<CR>
:nmap ,i :update<CR>: !start c:\progra~1\intern~1\iexplore.exe <cWORD><CR>
----------------------------------------
" FTPing from VIM
cmap ,r :Nread ftp://209.51.134.122/public_html/index.html
cmap ,w :Nwrite ftp://209.51.134.122/public_html/index.html
gvim ftp://www.somedomain.com/index.html # uses netrw.vim
----------------------------------------
" appending to registers (use CAPITAL)
" yank 5 lines into "a" then add a further 5
"a5yy
10j
"A5yy
----------------------------------------
[I : show lines matching word under cursor <cword> (super)
----------------------------------------
" Conventional Shifting/Indenting
:'a,'b>>
" visual shifting (builtin-repeat)
:vnoremap < <gv
:vnoremap > >gv
" Block shifting (magic)
>i{
>a{
" also
>% and <%
== : index current line same as line above [N]
----------------------------------------
" Redirection & Paste register *
:redir @* : redirect commands to paste buffer
:redir END : end redirect
:redir >> out.txt : redirect to a file
" Working with Paste buffer
"*yy : yank curent line to paste
"*p : insert from paste buffer
" yank to paste buffer (ex mode)
:'a,'by* : Yank range into paste
:%y* : Yank whole buffer into paste
:.y* : Yank Current line to paster
" filter non-printable characters from the paste buffer
" useful when pasting from some gui application
:nmap <leader>p :let @* = substitute(@*,'[^[:print:]]','','g')<cr>"*p
:set paste : prevent vim from formatting pasted in text *N*
----------------------------------------
" Re-Formatting text
gq} : Format a paragraph
gqap : Format a paragraph
ggVGgq : Reformat entire file
Vgq : current line
" break lines at 70 chars, if possible after a ;
:s/.\{,69\};\s*\|.\{,69\}\s\+/&\r/g
----------------------------------------
" Operate command over multiple files
:argdo %s/foo/bar/e : operate on all files in :args
:bufdo %s/foo/bar/e
:windo %s/foo/bar/e
:argdo exe '%!sort'|w! : include an external command
:bufdo exe "normal @q" | w : perform a recording on open files
:silent bufdo !zip proj.zip %:p : zip all current files
----------------------------------------
" Command line tricks
gvim -h : help
ls | gvim - : edit a stream!!
cat xx | gvim - -c "v/^\d\d\|^[3-9]/d " : filter a stream
gvim -o file1 file2 : open into a horizontal split (file1 on top, file2 on bottom) [C]
gvim -O file1 file2 : open into a vertical split (side by side,for comparing code) [N]
" execute one command after opening file
gvim.exe -c "/main" joe.c : Open joe.c & jump to "main"
" execute multiple command on a single file
vim -c "%s/ABC/DEF/ge | update" file1.c
" execute multiple command on a group of files
vim -c "argdo %s/ABC/DEF/ge | update" *.c
" remove blocks of text from a series of files
vim -c "argdo /begin/+1,/end/-1g/^/d | update" *.c
" Automate editing of a file (Ex commands in convert.vim)
vim -s "convert.vim" file.c
"load VIM without .vimrc and plugins (clean VIM) e.g. for HUGE files
gvim -u NONE -U NONE -N
" Access paste buffer contents (put in a script/batch file)
gvim -c 'normal ggdG"*p' c:/aaa/xp
" print paste contents to default printer
gvim -c 's/^/\=@*/|hardcopy!|q!'
" gvim's use of external grep (win32 or *nix)
:!grep somestring *.php : creates a list of all matching files [C]
" use :cn(ext) :cp(rev) to navigate list
:h grep
" Using vimgrep with copen [N]
:vimgrep /keywords/ *.php
:copen
----------------------------------------
" GVIM Difference Function (Brilliant)
gvim -d file1 file2 : vimdiff (compare differences)
dp : "put" difference under cursor to other file
do : "get" difference under cursor from other file
" complex diff parts of same file [N]
:1,2yank a | 7,8yank b
:tabedit | put a | vnew | put b
:windo diffthis
----------------------------------------
" Vim traps
In regular expressions you must backslash + (match 1 or more)
In regular expressions you must backslash | (or)
In regular expressions you must backslash ( (group)
In regular expressions you must backslash { (count)
/fred\+/ : matches fred/freddy but not free
/\(fred\)\{2,3}/ : note what you have to break
----------------------------------------
" \v or very magic (usually) reduces backslashing
/codes\(\n\|\s\)*where : normal regexp
/\vcodes(\n|\s)*where : very magic
----------------------------------------
" pulling objects onto command/search line (SUPER)
<C-R><C-W> : pull word under the cursor into a command line or search
<C-R><C-A> : pull WORD under the cursor into a command line or search
<C-R>- : pull small register (also insert mode)
<C-R>[0-9a-z] : pull named registers (also insert mode)
<C-R>% : pull file name (also #) (also insert mode)
<C-R>=somevar : pull contents of a variable (eg :let sray="ray[0-9]")
----------------------------------------
" List your Registers
:reg : display contents of all registers
:reg a : display content of register a
:reg 12a : display content of registers 1,2 & a [N]
"5p : retrieve 5th "ring"
"1p.... : retrieve numeric registers one by one
:let @y='yy@"' : pre-loading registers (put in .vimrc)
qqq : empty register "q"
qaq : empty register "a"
:reg .-/%:*" : the seven special registers [N]
:reg 0 : what you last yanked, not affected by a delete [N]
"_dd : Delete to blackhole register "_ , don't affect any register [N]
----------------------------------------
" manipulating registers
:let @a=@_ : clear register a
:let @a="" : clear register a
:let @a=@" : Save unnamed register [N]
:let @*=@a : copy register a to paste buffer
:let @*=@: : copy last command to paste buffer
:let @*=@/ : copy last search to paste buffer
:let @*=@% : copy current filename to paste buffer
----------------------------------------
" help for help (USE TAB)
:h quickref : VIM Quick Reference Sheet (ultra)
:h tips : Vim's own Tips Help
:h visual<C-D><tab> : obtain list of all visual help topics
: Then use tab to step thru them
:h ctrl<C-D> : list help of all control keys
:helpg uganda : grep HELP Files use :cn, :cp to find next
:helpgrep edit.*director: grep help using regexp
:h :r : help for :ex command
:h CTRL-R : normal mode
:h /\r : what's \r in a regexp (matches a <CR>)
:h \\zs : double up backslash to find \zs in help
:h i_CTRL-R : help for say <C-R> in insert mode
:h c_CTRL-R : help for say <C-R> in command mode
:h v_CTRL-V : visual mode
:h tutor : VIM Tutor
<C-]> : jump to {keyword} under cursor in help file [C]
<C-[>, <C-T> : Move back & Forth in HELP History
gvim -h : VIM Command Line Help
:cabbrev h tab help : open help in a tab [N]
----------------------------------------
" where was an option set
:scriptnames : list all plugins, _vimrcs loaded (super)
:verbose set history? : reveals value of history and where set
:function : list functions
:func SearchCompl : List particular function
----------------------------------------
" making your own VIM help
:helptags /vim/vim64/doc : rebuild all *.txt help files in /doc
:help add-local-help
" save this page as a VIM Help File [N]
:sav! $VIMRUNTIME/doc/vimtips.txt|:1,/^__BEGIN__/d|:/^__END__/,$d|:w!|:helptags $VIMRUNTIME/doc
----------------------------------------
" running file thru an external program (eg php)
map <f9> :w<CR>:!c:/php/php.exe %<CR>
map <f2> :w<CR>:!perl -c %<CR>
----------------------------------------
" capturing output of current script in a separate buffer
:new | r!perl # : opens new buffer,read other buffer
:new! x.out | r!perl # : same with named file
:new+read!ls
----------------------------------------
" create a new buffer, paste a register "q" into it, then sort new buffer
:new +put q|%!sort
----------------------------------------
" Inserting DOS Carriage Returns
:%s/$/\<C-V><C-M>&/g : that's what you type
:%s/$/\<C-Q><C-M>&/g : for Win32
:%s/$/\^M&/g : what you'll see where ^M is ONE character
----------------------------------------
" automatically delete trailing Dos-returns,whitespace
autocmd BufRead * silent! %s/[\r \t]\+$//
autocmd BufEnter *.php :%s/[ \t\r]\+$//e
----------------------------------------
" perform an action on a particular file or file type
autocmd VimEnter c:/intranet/note011.txt normal! ggVGg?
autocmd FileType *.pl exec('set fileformats=unix')
----------------------------------------
" Retrieving last command line command for copy & pasting into text
i<c-r>:
" Retrieving last Search Command for copy & pasting into text
i<c-r>/
----------------------------------------
" more completions
<C-X><C-F> :insert name of a file in current directory
----------------------------------------
" Substituting a Visual area
" select visual area as usual (:h visual) then type :s/Emacs/Vim/ etc
:'<,'>s/Emacs/Vim/g : REMEMBER you dont type the '<.'>
gv : Re-select the previous visual area (ULTRA)
----------------------------------------
" inserting line number into file
:g/^/exec "s/^/".strpart(line(".")." ", 0, 4)
:%s/^/\=strpart(line(".")." ", 0, 5)
:%s/^/\=line('.'). ' '
----------------------------------------
" *numbering lines VIM way*
:set number : show line numbers
:map <F12> :set number!<CR> : Show linenumbers flip-flop
:%s/^/\=strpart(line('.')." ",0,&ts)
" numbering lines (need Perl on PC) starting from arbitrary number
:'a,'b!perl -pne 'BEGIN{$a=223} substr($_,2,0)=$a++'
" Produce a list of numbers
" Type in number on line say 223 in an empty file
qqmnYP`n^Aq : in recording q repeat with @q
" increment existing numbers to end of file (type <c-a> as 5 characters)
:.,$g/^\d/exe "normal! \<c-a>"
" advanced incrementing
http://vim.sourceforge.net/tip_view.php?tip_id=150
----------------------------------------
" *advanced incrementing* (really useful)
" put following in _vimrc
let g:I=0
function! INC(increment)
let g:I =g:I + a:increment
return g:I
endfunction
" eg create list starting from 223 incrementing by 5 between markers a,b
:let I=223
:'a,'bs/^/\=INC(5)/
" create a map for INC
cab viminc :let I=223 \| 'a,'bs/$/\=INC(5)/
----------------------------------------
" *generate a list of numbers* 23-64
o23<ESC>qqYp<C-A>q40@q
----------------------------------------
" editing/moving within current insert (Really useful)
<C-U> : delete all entered
<C-W> : delete last word
<HOME><END> : beginning/end of line
<C-LEFTARROW><C-RIGHTARROW> : jump one word backwards/forwards
<C-X><C-E>,<C-X><C-Y> : scroll while staying put in insert
----------------------------------------
#encryption (use with care: DON'T FORGET your KEY)
:X : you will be prompted for a key
:h :X
----------------------------------------
" modeline (make a file readonly etc) must be in first/last 5 lines
// vim:noai:ts=2:sw=4:readonly:
" vim:ft=html: : says use HTML Syntax highlighting
:h modeline
----------------------------------------
" Creating your own GUI Toolbar entry
amenu Modeline.Insert\ a\ VIM\ modeline <Esc><Esc>ggOvim:ff=unix ts=4 ss=4<CR>vim60:fdm=marker<esc>gg
----------------------------------------
" A function to save word under cursor to a file
function! SaveWord()
normal yiw
exe ':!echo '.@0.' >> word.txt'
endfunction
map ,p :call SaveWord()
----------------------------------------
" function to delete duplicate lines
function! Del()
if getline(".") == getline(line(".") - 1)
norm dd
endif
endfunction
:g/^/ call Del()
----------------------------------------
" Digraphs (non alpha-numerics)
:digraphs : display table
:h dig : help
i<C-K>e' : enters é
i<C-V>233 : enters é (Unix)
i<C-Q>233 : enters é (Win32)
ga : View hex value of any character
#Deleting non-ascii characters (some invisible)
:%s/[\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff]/ /g : type this as you see it
:%s/[<C-V>128-<C-V>255]//gi : where you have to type the Control-V
:%s/[€-ÿ]//gi : Should see a black square & a dotted y
:%s/[<C-V>128-<C-V>255<C-V>01-<C-V>31]//gi : All pesky non-asciis
:exec "norm /[\x00-\x1f\x80-\xff]/" : same thing
#Pull a non-ascii character onto search bar
yl/<C-R>" :
/[^a-zA-Z0-9_[:space:][:punct:]] : search for all non-ascii
----------------------------------------
" All file completions grouped (for example main_c.c)
:e main_<tab> : tab completes
gf : open file under cursor (normal)
main_<C-X><C-F> : include NAME of file in text (insert mode)
----------------------------------------
" Complex Vim
" swap two words
:%s/\<\(on\|off\)\>/\=strpart("offon", 3 * ("off" == submatch(0)), 3)/g
" swap two words
:vnoremap <C-X> <Esc>`.``gvP``P
" Swap word with next word
nmap <silent> gw "_yiw:s/\(\%#\w\+\)\(\_W\+\)\(\w\+\)/\3\2\1/<cr><c-o><c-l> [N]
----------------------------------------
" Convert Text File to HTML
:runtime! syntax/2html.vim : convert txt to html
:h 2html
----------------------------------------
" VIM has internal grep
:grep some_keyword *.c : get list of all c-files containing keyword
:cn : go to next occurrence
----------------------------------------
" Force Syntax coloring for a file that has no extension .pl
:set syntax=perl
" Remove syntax coloring (useful for all sorts of reasons)
:set syntax off
" change coloring scheme (any file in ~vim/vim??/colors)
:colorscheme blue
:colorscheme morning : good fallback colorscheme *N*
" Force HTML Syntax highlighting by using a modeline
# vim:ft=html:
" Force syntax automatically (for a file with non-standard extension)
au BufRead,BufNewFile */Content.IE?/* setfiletype html
----------------------------------------
:set noma (non modifiable) : Prevents modifications
:set ro (Read Only) : Protect a file from unintentional writes
----------------------------------------
" Sessions (Open a set of files)
gvim file1.c file2.c lib/lib.h lib/lib2.h : load files for "session"
:mksession : Make a Session file (default Session.vim)
:mksession MySession.vim : Make a Session file named file [C]
:q
gvim -S : Reload all files (loads Session.vim) [C]
gvim -S MySession.vim : Reload all files from named session [C]
----------------------------------------
#tags (jumping to subroutines/functions)
taglist.vim : popular plugin
:Tlist : display Tags (list of functions)
<C-]> : jump to function under cursor
----------------------------------------
" columnise a csv file for display only as may crop wide columns
:let width = 20
:let fill=' ' | while strlen(fill) < width | let fill=fill.fill | endwhile
:%s/\([^;]*\);\=/\=strpart(submatch(1).fill, 0, width)/ge
:%s/\s\+$//ge
" Highlight a particular csv column (put in .vimrc)
function! CSVH(x)
execute 'match Keyword /^\([^,]*,\)\{'.a:x.'}\zs[^,]*/'
execute 'normal ^'.a:x.'f,'
endfunction
command! -nargs=1 Csv :call CSVH(<args>)
" call with
:Csv 5 : highlight fifth column
----------------------------------------
zf1G : fold everything before this line [N]
" folding : hide sections to allow easier comparisons
zf} : fold paragraph using motion
v}zf : fold paragraph using visual
zf'a : fold to mark
zo : open fold
zc : re-close fold
" also visualise a section of code then type zf [N]
:help folding
zfG : fold everything after this line [N]
----------------------------------------
" displaying "non-asciis"
:set list
:h listchars
----------------------------------------
" How to paste "normal vim commands" w/o entering insert mode
:norm qqy$jq
----------------------------------------
" manipulating file names
:h filename-modifiers : help
:w % : write to current file name
:w %:r.cfm : change file extention to .cfm
:!echo %:p : full path & file name
:!echo %:p:h : full path only
:!echo %:t : filename only
:reg % : display filename
<C-R>% : insert filename (insert mode)
"%p : insert filename (normal mode)
/<C-R>% : Search for file name in text
----------------------------------------
" delete without destroying default buffer contents
"_d : what you've ALWAYS wanted
"_dw : eg delete word (use blackhole)
----------------------------------------
" pull full path name into paste buffer for attachment to email etc
nnoremap <F2> :let @*=expand("%:p")<cr> :unix
nnoremap <F2> :let @*=substitute(expand("%:p"), "/", "\\", "g")<cr> :win32
----------------------------------------
" Simple Shell script to rename files w/o leaving vim
$ vim
:r! ls *.c
:%s/\(.*\).c/mv & \1.bla
:w !sh
:q!
----------------------------------------
" count words/lines in a text file
g<C-G> # counts words
:echo line("'b")-line("'a") # count lines between markers a and b [N]
:'a,'bs/^//n # count lines between markers a and b
:'a,'bs/somestring//gn # count occurences of a string
----------------------------------------
" example of setting your own highlighting
:syn match DoubleSpace " "
:hi def DoubleSpace guibg=#e0e0e0
----------------------------------------
" reproduce previous line word by word
imap ] @@@<ESC>hhkyWjl?@@@<CR>P/@@@<CR>3s
nmap ] i@@@<ESC>hhkyWjl?@@@<CR>P/@@@<CR>3s
" Programming keys depending on file type
:autocmd bufenter *.tex map <F1> :!latex %<CR>
:autocmd bufenter *.tex map <F2> :!xdvi -hush %<.dvi&<CR>
" allow yanking of php variables with their dollar [N]
:autocmd bufenter *.php :set iskeyword+=\$
----------------------------------------
" reading Ms-Word documents, requires antiword (not docx)
:autocmd BufReadPre *.doc set ro
:autocmd BufReadPre *.doc set hlsearch!
:autocmd BufReadPost *.doc %!antiword "%"
----------------------------------------
" a folding method
vim: filetype=help foldmethod=marker foldmarker=<<<,>>>
A really big section closed with a tag <<<
--- remember folds can be nested ---
Closing tag >>>
----------------------------------------
" Return to last edit position (You want this!) [N]
autocmd BufReadPost *
\ if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") |
\ exe "normal! g`\"" |
\ endif
----------------------------------------
" store text that is to be changed or deleted in register a
"act< : Change Till < [N]
----------------------------------------
"installing/getting latest version of vim on Linux (replace tiny-vim) [N]
yum install vim-common vim-enhanced vim-minimal
----------------------------------------
# using gVIM with Cygwin on a Windows PC
if has('win32')
source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
behave mswin
set shell=c:\\cygwin\\bin\\bash.exe shellcmdflag=-c shellxquote=\"
endif
----------------------------------------
" *Just Another Vim Hacker JAVH*
vim -c ":%s%s*%Cyrnfr)fcbafbe[Oenz(Zbbyranne%|:%s)[[()])-)Ig|norm Vg?"
----------------------------------------
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl:
__END__
----------------------------------------
"Read Vimtips into a new vim buffer (needs w3m.sourceforge.net)
:tabe | :r ! w3m -dump "http://zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html" [C]
:silent r ! lynx -dump "http://zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html" [N]
" read webpage source html into vim
gvim http://www.zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html &
----------------------------------------
updated version at http://www.zzapper.co.uk/vimtips.html
----------------------------------------
Please email any errors, tips etc to
vim@rayninfo.co.uk
" Information Sources
----------------------------------------
www.vim.org
Vim Wiki *** VERY GOOD *** [N]
Vim Use VIM newsgroup [N]
comp.editors
groups.yahoo.com/group/vim "VIM" specific newsgroup
VIM Webring
VimTips PDF Version (PRINTABLE!)
Vimtips in Belarusian
----------------------------------------